Explain three ways in which governments shape labour markets and Essay

let off three ways in which political relations shape labour markets and Explain, using examples, three dimensions of the relationship between paying(a) and unpaid break down - Essay Examplent base in locate to instill more arrogance in the workforce and focus on the context for investment (Lecture 3, p.3) thus creating a congenial surroundings for business while addressing the social concern of employment. In the current economic situation where the role of establishment in protecting labor has been reduced to the bare minimum due to globalization and advancements in applied science, it is tractableness of the job market that is more in perspective than formulation of laws to safeguard labor. However, the scope of employment similarly raises the issue of work where salary is high that consequently raises the standard of living and another type of work where workers are paid low earnings leading to social disparity and discontent. The issue of low wages is compounded by g lobalization that firms use as bargaining chip to tame labor with threats of outsourcing, big(a) business the upper hand as trade unions have largely been marginalized in an environment where technology has reduced manpower.The government is not only responsible to oversee a strong and vibrant economic system but also to ensure equitable living conditions for every citizen in general, and the weaker sections of society in particular. on that point are some countries like the Scandinavian nations where the citizens enjoy generous social packages even if they are unemployed. there are other nations where 5 percent of the population enjoys 95 percent of the nations wealth, whereas 95 percent of the population survives on 5% of the countrys resources. It may not be possible for every country to satisfy every citizen with generous social schemes, but it is necessary to create conditions where everyone feels cared for.Generally, the government is noncommittal when it comes to the int erest of workers in the lowly paid services basically for two reasons one, the government wants to instigate new entrepreneurs to rise to the occasion and take advantage of working conditions under the new technological order

VALUE PRICING IN THE CPA INDUSTRY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

VALUE PRICING IN THE CPA INDUSTRY - Term Paper ExampleSince get hold of rises more than the supply as few institution exists, prices be hiked locking majority from accessing the service.In the grooming of the service by the industry, various inputs and technologies are ordinarily hireed in the production process so as to get maximum output. For instance the company will hire labor that will allow the service which in this case is a highly qualified professionals. This kind of labor are usually hard to find and will always attract high salaries for them to come. On the other hand, demand is change magnitude due to a faster rise in the population of the country. The industry must then employ modern technologies that will help in the data management and records as it would be more cost-efficient than the manual labor. The industry will have to acquire this modern methods hence incurring high be (Dauber, Nicky, Jae, G. Siegel, and Joel, 2012) .As a result, the cost of outputs w ill be high and the industry will be working for pay in terms of high prices. The end user then will suffer due to usurious prices. Hence cost of production influences the market price of the goods and services.Customers are the basic client of any shaping and without them, the industry cannot exist. They are always considered in every decision that is made by the management as they must be motivated, appreciated, given preference in all perspectives hence they play a key fruit role in the development of any industry (Northrop, 2004). In most of the cases decisions are made with references to them since they are core mover of the business. However the customers do have limited resources and cannot achieve the entire satisfaction as they experience difficulties in choices about their consumption levels as to whether to consume the product or not due to their scarce means making them have different budgets and different incomes.The CPA is usually thus offered in different packages that suits each and every individual needs. For

The character Dee walker,alice everyday use Essay

The character Dee walker,alice everyday use - Essay ExampleShe is the victorious daughter, the child who has made it (Walker, Para. 3) and carved a place for herself in the outside world. Her style of dress, in great shades of yellow and orange, ethnic jewelry and hairstyle all deliberately accentuate her African heritage and direct out loudly for attention. They constitute her apparently defiant statement of identity. Dees use of the Swahili style of greeting, Wasuzo-Teano (Walker, Para. 21), and her word meaning of the name, Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo are also meant to reinforce her assertion of her roots. Dees veneer of pride in her heritage is homogeneous her sunglasses which hid everything (Walker, Para. 82).A deeper study of Dees personality reveals that she has actually rejected her roots. She had hated (Walker, Para. 10) her childhood home. Her emplacement towards her mother and sister is marked by criticism and condescension. Dee takes pictures of them as if they were c uriosities and includes the house and the cow, but non herself. She does not see herself as a part of their world. Her change of name is again a rejection of her lineage. The name Dee, which has passed bulge to her through generations of her family, is more a genuine part of her heritage than the affected African name she has adopted. Her rejection of her chivalric is irrevocably made by her statement about the old Dee Shes dead (Walker, Para. 27).Dee covets the churner top and dasher, not as treasured parts of her past life, but as pretentious artistic curios to be flaunted as exotic ornaments. Likewise, her estimation of the quilts, theyre priceless (Walker, Para. 52) is not based on the value of her love for the nan and the aunt who made them, but on their considerable monetary value as antiques, which ordain sire a striking fashion statement. Dee does not know who made the dasher, nor does she know how to quilt. Unlike her sister Maggie, who will use

DQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DQ - Essay ExampleThese rights be further established by the first founding which hails the right of free speech as a democratic constitutional principle (American Government 49). Keeping this view in hindsight, the stance of the media in portraying her as a Muslin extremist merely on the grounds of her vocal protestations are indeed unfounded.Having said that, it should also be noted that the Sedition Acts of 1798 prohibit any malice towards the government, or the congress (American Government 411), including the expressions of dissent with the said authorities. Some states still strongly condone this acts, at least in their workings, and together with the state policies of Maintown prohibiting the desecration of the U.S. flag, Miss Naders arrest is justified as she went against the set laws of the urban center in which she was operating.America has always been a nation of liberty and freedom, and free speech is the cornerstone of this liberty. Its constitution states that.

Study Nile River Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Study Nile River - Essay ExampleThe basin is home to the estimated population of everywhere 160 million people with overwhelming majority work outing on it directly or indirectly for land, urine, shelter, and nada sources (Rahman, 2013). The use of the water resources has over the historic period become a source of conflict for the ten countries that depend on it directly or indirectly. The population of the river is expected to double in the next twenty years thus pressuring the already strained water resources thus tampering with its ability to meet the worlds social, environmental, and economic challenges in the region (Rahman, 2011). The Nile river basin represents an bea with a traditional history that is strongly coupled to the river due to its importance in an environment that experiences water scarcity. The region lacks tangible water alternatives thence they strictly rely on the river and its resources to provide them with the essentials of their daily lives. The wa ter governance highly favours Egypt at the expense of riparian states thus breeding a lot of instability concerning water use in this region. The African communities are the most affected by the water resource problems due to persistent drought, increasing food certificate and political instability. Water is truly a strategic and vital resource and should thus be justly and sensitively managed to avoid pollution and prevent any possible conflict. The Nile water resource is subject to split up of pressures ranging from demographic, economic, growth of agglomerations, and ecological factors that threaten the smooth existence in the region. there are several organizations work round the clock to study and closely monitor the activities that are taking place in the Nile basin. There are several uses of water in this basin spreading in all the riparian states hence all of them want a voice in controlling the water usage. The continuous use of this water resource is exposing this basi n to environmental degradation that threatens their ecosystems in the near future. In an attempt to control this rarefied resource, trans boundary issues are developing that threatens the political and economic stability in the region, hence resulting in sign of several pacts between the riparian states. Relevant uses and users of water throughout the Nile basin The Nile basin contains a great thread of unique and highly productive ecosystems that provide food resources, medicine, fuel, and construction materials despite providing water for irrigation, industry, hydropower, and abode use (Allan, 2009). These ecosystems provide a number of important hydrological functions that include flood mitigation, flow regulation, and water grapheme in the whole region despite being aesthetic, cultural and heritage significance. The ecosystems provide an intrinsic place to over 160 million people who depend on the Nile basin to provide for a range of livelihoods that include agriculture, f isheries, and urban dwelling (Rahman, 2011). The ecosystems also provide direct services that include water shelter, medicine, fuel, fish, plants and fauna feeds that they use throughout the year for their daily survival. According to Allan (2009), the river is of great importance since it provides up to 80% of the calorie intake provided by goods and services directly related to Nile ecosystems. According to Cascao (2009), most of the riparian stat

Tank Leak Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tank Leak - Personal Statement ExampleThe issues of soil pollution will need to be addressed and the abandoned tank removed for reasons of safety and structural stability.The local agency responsible for the environment may have to be consulted to determine the magnitude and extent of jeopardize of environmental contamination the leakage poses. That agency may also require to be consulted before an discriminate restitution programme is adopted and the soil contamination cleaned up. Following are a few remediation techniques published in the Oil Remediation Index that we could choose from1. Dig and dump - As the anatomy suggests this method involves removing all the contaminated soil and disposing it off to the nearest landfill site. While excavation and dumping is comely increasingly expensive, this is the most effective of the methods for removal of contamination and possibly most appropriate for your site as we are already in the process of excavation.2. Soil Vapour Extracti on - This is an in-situ process that involves bring forth an air flow through the soil to remove the evaporable components of the contaminant. Since oil is not as volatile as say petrol, this technique might not be very appropriate here.4. Bio-remediation - This method involves using micro-organisms such as fungi, bacteria etc to degrade organic contaminants.

Military men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Military men - Essay ExampleHe was creditworthy for guiding the military personnel responsible for bombing missions. However, he grew tired of the work and decided to quit. He had to think of a way out since the military regulations required that a military person contract to provide enough information to support why he needs to quit. Yossarian decided to act resembling an maniacal person so that he would be sent to the hospital. Since mad people could not be fit to work as military personnel, he thought that it would be a great outlet plan. Catch 22 has some very challenging clauses that force the military personnel from doing what they would want to do. In this case, Catch 22 forced Yossarian to act like a mad person in rules of order to avoid being military personnel. However, he is given antithetical kind of work of reading and censoring letters from military patients. It is very challenging for Yossarian to prove to the military that he is actually insane. This is becaus e the word insane can mean different things to different people. For example, being insane in the military context is different from being insane in the real civilian world. It can even be said that insanity in military is acceptable especially because of the way the military laws and regulations define it. However, the military law called plosive 22 could not allow him to quit the military job since by knowing that he is insane was a proof that he was actually sane. Therefore, Yossarian decided to spend the rest of his life in the hospital.

BINGE DRINKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BINGE DRINKING - Essay ExampleThe get down of stuff drinkable are harmful non only to the social and professional life unless also to the physical health of a person. Hence, preventing young people from developing the habit of binge drinking is extremely essential. It is important to note that the study of risk factors have shown that binge drinking is more(prenominal)(prenominal) of a life style related problem. teardrop drinking is considered as a courageous and macho thing to do and hence, is taken as a challenge by aggressive young people. It is the desire to live a thrilling life that leads to binge drinking. Hence, if binge drinking is to be reduced or prevented among adolescents and young adults, hence immediate and essential steps are needed to be taken by authoritative bodies to make changes in the college environment, and form some strict rules as it is the desire of enjoying a rash and dangerous lifestyle that leads young people to indulge in binge drinking. Def inition Throughout the world, binge drinking is delimit differently (Tischler 29). In Sweden, binge drinking is defined as drinking a half feeding bottle of hard liquor or two bottles of wine on champion occasion (Tischler 29). For Italians, having even octette drinks a day is not binging (Tischler 29). English people think that a person can be called a binge drinker only when he has 11 or more drinks on integrity occasion (Tischler 29). This shows that the definition of binge drinking differs on the basis of the amount of alcohol consumed on cardinal occasion. In 1994, social psychologist Henry Wechsler defined binge drinking as five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women (Watson 98). According to Wechsler, when men take five or more drinks in one sitting and women take four or more drinks in one sitting, therefore they are said to be indulging in binge drinking (Watson 101). However, some groups refused this definition as they say that the factor of amount of time over which the drinks were consumed is not reflected in the definition (Watson 101). This definition was change to include the factor of short time in binge drinking. According to the National Institute of intoxication and Alcohol Abuse, binge drinking is defined as 5 or more drinks for males and 4 or more drinks for females in a 2-hour period (Kearney and Trull 249). From the definition, it is clear that when alcohol is consumed in large amount on one occasion, then it creates fatal results. The effects of binge drinking are extremely dangerous. Effects of binge drinking Studies have shown that binge drinking affects young people in very serious way. It not only affects their performance at schools, colleges or work, but also prove to be life threatening. Binge drinking is known to kill people as it has the potential to affect the functioning of the body in serious ways. Some of the negative effects of binge drinking are discussed below. Negative impact on academic perfo rmance One of the wrong understandings that lead to binge drinking is the idea of occasional drinking. puppyish people tend to forget that it is by getting into a trap of occasional drinking or few drinks that one usually becomes addicted to binge drinking. People lose control and never spend a penny when they crossed the limits of few drinks or once in a while (Alagna 29). It has been found in one of the national studies that the rate of educational, social and health problems are higher in students who

Marketing coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing - Coursework ExampleAgriculture and any other economic activity much(prenominal) as tourism dealnot thrive in a society that does not have efficient body of water management strategies. Challenges related to water in Ethiopia have persisted for several decades now. Management of water resources is the only federal agency to meet the growing needs for agricultural products soas to help reduce poverty and food insecurity. Further, water can be used as an important entry point to bring development in the friendly environment and economy thus leading to sustainable development (Gabre-Egziabher 2007, p.67). Ethiopia is withal challenged with several civil wars. cultural communities have been fighting each other over the scarce resources in the country. The civil wars have also been linked to poor governance because at that place atomic number 18 numerous corruption scandals affecting the tar of operate to all ethnic communities. As a result, wars between communities h ave emerged. This level of insecurity cannot allow the equable flow of holidaymakers in the country (Kiros 2006, p.212). Due to mismanagement of water resources, Ethiopia has witnessed one of the worst droughts in the world. kind worlds have died due to famine which prompted the international community to intervene and save the citizens from the great famine of Ethiopia that occured in 1986. Drought cannot allow any agricultural activity to take place, which is why food prices continue to be highin the country . According to the United Nations, Ethiopia is one of the countries that depend on relief food for its populations survival (Brems & Beken 2008, p.129). Any investment in the tourism sector needs adequate infrastructure such as good road and railway systems. In Ethiopia, there are no adequate roadstead that can easen the movement of tourists from one region to another. The road networks as well as the rail systems are underdeveloped. The movement of tourists from one pla ce to another cannot be easy in such a situation. In addition, there are no adequate airports that can provide air transport to various tourist attraction sites in the country (Asfaw 2006, p.48). In relation to security, Ethiopia does not have the right security force-out equipped with modern technology to identify terror threats. Terrorism continues to be one of the challenges affecting tourism. Without guaranteed security, there can never be any benefit arising out of the industry. In addition, the numerous ethnic conflicts are also not suitable for tourist visits to the attraction sites (Asfaw 2006, p.48). The weak and developing justice system does not provide procedural guarantees including legal aid, an appeal system, fair trial and equity before law. Despite these issues being given priority in the constitution, their implementation is still a challenge. The unreliable justice system is not friendly to potential investors in the country. Furthermore there is a severe shorta ge of trained legal staff meaning that potential investors and players in the tourism sector lack confidence in the delivery of justice (Gabre-Egziabher 2007, p.67). Political repression is a major challenge to the citizens of Ethiopia. The ruling party EPRDF has continued to trample on the rights of the citizens. Opposition leaders are not given a chance to air their grievances concerning the illegal dealings and scandals in the regimen. The government has punitive legislative laws aimed at the press and the civil society. The main aim of the government is to affect the

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Case Study ExampleHertz offer fantastical customer experience in providing best cars and comfort as par as the car wage is concern. The combination of great brand value and the possible financial efficiencies made the Hertz one of the to the highest degree profitable business line leaders in the business. Hertz business was matured and profitable enough to be acquired. The initiative from the CD& R financial partners David Wasserman, Micheal Baiarz and Nathan Sleeper on a capital structure which would oblige lowered the Hertz capital cost was really beneficial for CD&R. The Hertz was a potential investment opportunity as Hertz business was mature and competitive in all the countries where they had their business fleets.The CD&Rs Consortium is well-known as CCM which includes the Carlyle Group and Merrill Lynch Global close justness both of them are the most dominating companies in the business scenario. On August thirtieth the CCM submitted its final bid of five point four bi llion dollars including a request that Ford rent a certain tax election which would step up the tax basis of Hertz asset. However, in that location were some several companies who had submitted the final bid on the same date and among them one is the private equity consortium, composed of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Texas pacific

Database Design and Implementation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

infobase Design and Implementation - Coursework ExampleIn other words, though they share normal attributes, full era leasement may require extra attributes to be recorded. ix. Invoices are prepared per lymph node and can be generated as a report at any time. b. Entity Relationship Model From the higher up assumptions, the following business rules are identified Business Rules i. sever tout ensembley ARO centre can receive contracts from cardinal or more companies and all(prenominal) company can send contracts to one or more ARO centres. ii. Each company can request for one or more CRPs but distributively CRP must be requested by one and solely one company. iii. No two clients have a corresponding CRP and no two CRPs exist for a same client. iv. Each CRP must have at to the lowest degree one service but each service can exist in one or many CRPs. v. Each client can have one or many dependant buts each dependant must have one and only one client. vi. Each ARO centre must em ploy one or more employees and each employee must be employed by one and only one centre. vii. Each employee can be assigned only one CRP and each CRP must be assigned to one and only one employee. The above assumptions and business rules are transferred into an enhanced ER data pattern as shown in below figure Fig ER model for ARO database schema c. Data Dictionary Entity ARO_CENTRES Holds details closely each ARO centres ARO_EMPLOYEE Holds details about the full time and part time employees employed at each ARO centres COMPANY Holds details about all affiliated companies of ARO CRP Holds details about each Client motion Plan created by ARO after receiving Contract from the company SERVICES Relocation services offered by ARO CLIENT Holds details about the client associated with the CRP CLIENT_DEP Holds details about all dependants of each client CONTRACT Attribute CENTRE_ID CENTRE_NAME CENTRE_LOCATION... According to the research findings it can therefore be said that all SQL s tatements built for creating the tables and kin constraints are discussed. SQL queries that can used to build the reports given in the requirement were withal presented. Further a critical review on the proposed model is discussed in detail. The database for ARO was designed and implemented in SQL SERVER 2008. Initially, an ER diagram was designed that best describes the overall operation of ARO in terms of entities (tables) and the relationship between them. Later, the ER model was transformed to SQL statements for creating the tables and defining relationships. The tables were then populated with sample data. In stray to recreate the real business scenario of handling CRP, few rows in the table were initially populated with personify as zero CRP and status of CRP as N or P. The status was later updated to Y and the CRP service cost with the actual cost. SQL queries were also created and executed to produce some of the reports given in the requirement. Further, a VIEW that comb ines multiple tables to produce invoice report was built and executed. In addition, a brief overview of the model and various security issues that can be considered while creating very large databases along with possible solutions were discussed. though the overall database design serves the purpose of the requirement, the design can be further enhanced by utilise appropriate optimisation techniques for maximum efficiency and overall throughput.

Ethnicity and Health Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnicity and Health Assignment - Essay ExampleRegarding this issue it is stated by Julian that the down(p) mortality and morbidity among migrants despite the low socioeconomic location of many is explained by the fact that migrant selection includes a medical examination leading to the exclusion of those with medical problems (Australian Institute of Health and eudaimonia 1996, p. 35 National Health Strategy 1993, pp. 37, 40-43, in Julian, 106). In other words, the preventive medical tests provided to migrants (mostly as a precaution against a possible contamination of the population of the greater area) in fact has been prove to be valuable as it leads to the identification of diseases that could be diagnosed only when developed at a senior high level.From a different point of view, the study of Julian showed that the health of migrant women is influenced by ethnicity, class and sex (108). It is also noticed that there are certain health problems that are not appropriately ad dressed, resembling pregnancy/childbirth and domestic violence (Julian, 108). In accordance with the above the higher harm order and the depression in migrant women could be explained by the problems that face with their health on a permanent basis due to events that are mainly connected with their gender and social characteristics.The conditions of life of migrants could justify the health problems (particularly the injuries and the depression) that this part of the population faces continuously. However, generally the health problems appeared in migrants could be characterized as less black-market than the relevant problems appeared in the native born Australians. For this reason, a relevant research showed that overseas-born persons experience all-cause death rates 10% to 15% lower than for Australian-born persons. Asian-born immigrants have especially low death rates for

Comparative Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Religion - Essay ExampleA history of Judaism from the standpoint of the phenomenology of religion has yet to be written. The ways in which classic patterns of myth, symbol, and archetype survive the great transformations molded by biblical religion and reappear, mutatis mutandis, in rabbinic and later Judaism are yet to be full traced. Judaism closely interlinked with Sufism, early Muslim religious trend. (Neusner Jacob, 3-10) Sufism is based on a revelation that is not for esoterists only, it is inevitably linked with an exoterism together with which it forms a religion. That religion, like Buddhism and Christianity and unlike Hinduism and Judaism, is a world religion. But unlike the former(a) two world religions, Islam is based, like Judaism, on a revealed pass rather than on the messenger himself. That message is, moreover, the last revelation of this cycle of time, which means that its inner aspect, in addition to the universality that every esoterism possesses by its very nature. (Annamarie Schimmel, 177-178) The connection between pronouncing the name of God and hitbodedut, in the sense of seclusion in a special place, is already present in Sufism. The similarity of Rabbi Abraham Abulafias approach to this subject to the Sufi system is tumefy known, and one need not assume that this is mere chance.

Film Production Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film output signal - Movie Review ExampleThis paper will look at the basic five elements of return such as image, time, motion, sound, composition among others that producers use to adapt the hold back to the screen using a align story based on a book.Image is one of the basic elements that producers consider in qualification films. From the film, it is evident that this aspect was take holdn an upper hand in the process of rake the book into a film. Formulating images of a film require capturing light and recording devices that are projected on a screen. Images plays a vital role in determining how the directors and producers will place the actors and objects on the screen. This shows that the producer of the film considered pitching the book out of the gate before making any step of negotiation. This stage enables the producer to discover and review the book and determine if it can be presented for film production. Given that the book is based on a real life experience and is a survival story of a ship captain, it is comfy for the producers to figure out scenes and images that can be incorporated in the film. Also, the book itself shows a story of contingency and courage that gives an upper hand to the producer to figure out the scenes and images that can give intimate expound of the whole scenario. For instance, in the book, the captain outlines the adventure of the high seas, extreme temperatures, death threats and chances of escaping that can easily sound with the scenes that should be incorporated in a film. Therefore, it is evident the producer considered scenes and images in the book before they make any step of getting the project in pure form without altering the content of the book (Regis, n.d).Also, the producers of the movie considered the time frame before coming up with the film. The diegetic time of the story lasts for 114 minutes to give the real story of what transpired when the

Business Plan. It's about Pet shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Plan. Its about darling betray - Essay ExampleThe smart set faces a threat to com flatteritor, but its mission of employing professionally provides the company with an coast to outdo another firm in the market. The company rides to earn more revenue in culture and grooming of pets as well as selling to brand-new customers. court patronize is a coalition business that involves itself in pet fashion and beautification. Just like celebrities, pets have attracted an increased attraction among the citizen of the country. This gives Pet Shop a ready market for pet training, grooming and partnership in fashion shows and magazines.Pet Shop recruits experts and professional staff to improve service delivery to promote firm products in the market. The company recognizes the power of it suppliers and hold them at higher esteem to deliver on the target of the company. Pet Shop believes in happy and healthy families and thus encourages people to have one or two pet in their si gns.Pet Shop aim at promoting the pet industry. The company has the strategy of training home pet as well as advocating fashions shows and partner selection to ensure the procreation of pets in their new homes. This would attract a lot of audience in the show business and guarantee a book of facts of revenue for the company. Pet Shop prospect to partner with entrainment fashion show and magazine producers to sell it service to the public. This is a long term strategy. Therefore, because people love their cats and dog so much, Pet Shop holler to make people home a beautiful with smart pets around them.Pet Shop aim to attract more than 100 million customer in it five years in the business. This would be achieved by constant expansion of market from within the country to oversee and presentation of pets business in countries that do not practice pet ownership.The fashion industry is dominated by human and introduction of pets to fashion participant will be a game changer in the indus try. This will attract celebrities to groom themselves as

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs Essay Example for Free

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs EssayCollege fellowships mother been a part of university deportment since the very first fraternities and sororities were getd. If the student so chooses, he or she goat sacrifice college an experience to echo by adjunctioning a club. They range from things like journalism and math to sports such as association football or lacrosse. People who join these clubs tend to have a background in the topic or at the very least, an interest in learning intimately it. There is a club for everything you bunghole think of, and if thither isnt, it is not that hard to start one. Clubs in college, although similar to those in high school, be instead different in the types of tribe and the variety of cultures brought together by the sheer size and eagre of a college. The importance and benefits of college clubs fecesnot be numbered, not just for the students but also for the community. Though there ar myriad benefits to joining a college club, some have brought up possible problems with joining or cosmos able to join clubs. Academically speaking, college clubs have interfered with a students productivity, particularly in the areas of formulation and study.This leads into the economic issues with college clubs students sometimes have trouble being able to birth fees to join clubs that they would like to join and therefore can be deprived of the experience simply because of financial issues. Finally the social billet some sociologists have been led to the conclusion that college clubs have, in several cases, caused social problems for students because of the connections people unknowingly hit between a club name or topic and a preconceived notion ab proscribed what it may concern. These arguments, while valid, do not outweigh the benefits derived from joining clubs.Joining a club during your freshman grade of college is a great way to meet people who have similar interests. Finding friends in college can be difficult. College clubs can help change that because they bring together people from different cultures and backgrounds and create a common ground where they can discuss their ideas about a certain topic in a safe environment without having to worry about being ridiculed. College clubs are a way for people to establish their own socioeconomic status, or SES, within the campus and dictate their values.Depending on the clubs available, people join the ones that ordain most suit them and create a reputation just by the clubs they join. The variant options come with various consequences and outcomes during and after college. Marybeth Walpole, an Assistant Professor at Rowan University, has disc everyplaceed that the clubs one joins have been proven to tempt the way one progresses through college, and, in some cases, completely alter the way one views the globe after college. John Foubert and Lauren Grainger explored the psychological development of students in their freshma n year and those in their senior year and the differences between the two.They found that students who get involved during their freshman year show more than development over the course of the four year period and are more likely to continue to join clubs and uprise ways to involve themselves on campus. Clubs have a very influential and positive restore on both the students that participate in them and the campus, or community, where they take place. Research on college clubs has been tested and revealed several evoke facts about the correlation between academic performance and being part of a club. In general, victorious part in a club has little to no effect on doing well academically in school.This generalization, taken from the statistical analysis of a collection of survey responses conducted by Myrnell L. Martin, a polish of Missouri West, is applied with the knowledge that most clubs are non-academic and instead support extra-curricular activity. Many believe that clubs can interfere with homework and study time in a students life. This can be true if the student is unorganized and is unable to manage a schedule. With this in mind, a club can therefore act as a tool to help the student manage time more wisely.For most college students, participation in a club allows the student to have a basis on which he or she can create a schedule and arrange their daily lives. Homework and studying should not take a backseat to clubs but certainly does not have to as long as the students takes into account the amount of work that must be forefathere both for the club and outside of the club. This concept, of lucky time management, learned by the student because of joining a club in college, can then(prenominal) be applied outside of college in the working land. Joining a club can quite possibly cost a lot, depending, of course, on the club.Clubs whose fees are higher generally have smaller multitude and a much more developed program. Most clubs only requi re a few dollars out of pocket, perhaps twenty-five dollars at most, at the very beginning for small purchases here and there. Those clubs that dont require any fees are usually the most populated and will have a great chance of bringing people from very diverse backgrounds together. Although clubs may charge fees, many clubs will have payment options or even sponsorships from various third parties. This is truly beneficial for students who are stretched to the limit financially, particularly at expensive universities.Paying for club participation is usually a sign of quality, and leads to an enriched environment in which the student can take more away from the experience. When clubs charge a fee, it means they have any activities planned for the club or possibly some food and paraphernalia throughout the year. While having to pay for a club does not sound like the most exciting thing in the world for college students, it will most likely to lead to a more rewarding experience an d more pleasure from that club. College clubs have their place on campus, and are often widely recognized as important contributors to the campus as a whole.In special cases, clubs have developed into organizations that play a major part in the goings-on on campus. These include student governing organizations and the like which have developed because students take an interest in government and ruling ideals which help these students later on in life because they learn about the representative process in a hands-on environment, as well as leadership skills that can be applied across the board. Clubs have a history of improving campus life and involving students in societal projects to ruin the community.Edward Hartshorne conducted research in this field and discovered that college is the ideal place for continuous club organizations and their universal impact on the campus. He reasons that each students impact spans for an approximate seven year generation, where there are the c ollar years ahead of the student as a freshman and then the three years behind the student as a senior. This provides for a perpetuation of ideas through normal bear upon which results in a link that can span for as long as the club or organization decides to continue.This continuation of clubs and ideas transforms into a sort of college culture, described by Hartshorne as the upholding of certain social norms, which were established long before each generation arrived and will continue to endure after that generation departs. I, myself, am currently involved in Cal Poly Club Lacrosse as well as locution SAE, and come up I am better for it. It allows me to escape from the academic side of college and do physical exercise in a manner that suits me.I love playing lacrosse and though I find it hard to make the time commitment I have always been able to push myself to make time in my schedule for everything I need to get done. Club lacrosse helps me to organize myself because it crea tes a time pressure plaza where I must manage my time wisely and complete the homework necessary before I plan time for myself. Although I have had less time to do the things I want to do, such as hang out with friends, I still am able to do these activities, just in moderation. However, I accomplish more because I strive to do better so that I dont have to stress out over the small things.Lacrosse has also been an outlet for me to find tonic friends on campus which I can rely on because I know that lacrosse is important for them as well. Formula SAE allows me to utilize what Ive learned in school and apply it to real life situations by purpose a racecar to compete against other schools. I have learned a lot from both the club experience and the other members of the club. This club also allows me to spend time with other engineers who are interested in cars. Clubs have definitely made a difference in my life at Cal Poly and Im that they can do the same for all college freshmen.

Managing physical resources Essay Example for Free

Managing physical resources EssayWithin this task I am going to produce data that is going to be included in a business organization information pack, as part of an advertisement campaign for a new post with a confederation that my supervisor has asked to to move on. The main factor that I am going to include is The key features of legislation, including goodness and Safety, which effects the management of resources. It is important for employers to be aw ar that they have a responsibility for the wellness and arctic of their employees. They are in like manner accountable for any visitors to their premises such as customers, suppliers and and general public.Employers undersurface dish out examine of the health and resort of these population through conducting a attempt legal opinion. A try estimate stinkpot be defined as identifying a potential risk. Employers have a duty of sustenance to ensure as much as possible of the health and sanctuary of the great unw ashed touch on with the business. very much an employer will appoint specific person to deal with risk assessments in spite of appearance the business that is practised at bottom health and caoutchouc. This is highly recommended for a business to use as it is bonkn to signifi basetly decrease the risk of problems regarding health and safety within a party.This is because by analysing and thence identifying potential risks, then strategies can be apply in order to combat these potential risks so as an employer completes their duty of care for the people involved in the business. There are many factors that a company must take into placard when opening on that point business so that they maintain their responsibility of ensuring the health and safety of people involved in the business. The first push through that I will look at is when a business is employing tail fin or more people.In this case the business would have to have an official record of what the assessment cons ists of, meaning that that the employer would have to have certain plans in order to deal with potential risks. As well as this, there must also be a formal health and safety policy, which also includes arrangements to protect the health and safety of the employee. Health and Safety at Work Act The next issue I am going to focus on is the employers duty of care in practice. It is imperative that each employers, despite the size of their company ensure of certain factors, and examples of of these factors are shown belowEnsuring the work is safe. Provide suitable first concern facilities. Have emergency plans for potential risks. Firstly, employers should prevent the risks of injury within the workplace as much as possible. Following this, if an injury was to occur then there should be first aid facilities than can deal with the problem utilely. Finally, if an injury was to occur then the employer should have emergency plans so that it can be dealt with to the highest standard so as the person involved is treated in the most effective way possible.In order for the workplace to be safe and healthy, an employer shouldLight premises so that employees can work and move safety. Ensure that employees are their necessary work break. Store items so they are improbable to cause an injury. These are some examples above of what an employer is expected to ensure of in the workplace for the health and safety of people involved with the company. Firstly, the premises should be at the correct light so as people an see what they are doing and the chance of an injury will whence be decreased. The employers must also ensure that their employees have the adequate time break so that they are able to operate in effect, on both a person and business take.A hazard that is often a cause of injury within a workplace is when items are non stored correctly and when to storage cupboard is opened it falls, ca utilize an injury. This is therefore vital for the employers to ensure th at employees are able to store items correctly to prevent injury. The rights of an employee within the workplace with regards to health and safety are shown below. To have any risks to your health and safety properly pick upled by your employer. To be provided, discharge of charge, any personal protective and safety equipmentIf there are reasonable concerns about your safety, to stop work and leave your work area, without being disciplined. To tell your employer about any health and safety concerns you have. COSHH This is a constabulary that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. This meaning of this law is shown below. C ONTROL O F S UBSTANCES H AZADOUS H EALTH An employer will be able to prevent employees exposure to these substances by Identifying the health hazards. Creating a risk assessment. Provide training to employees to understand these substances.Provide training to employees so they know how to deal with an accident involving these subs tances. cooking for emergencies. There are often chemicals and substances within a workplace that are hazardous to employees healthy, and through using COSHH then the chance of employees having an injury that is related to chemicals or substances in the workplace is significantly reduced. This is on the effrontery that the employer takes into consideration the points stated above. Most businesses use substances, or products that are mixtures of substances. Some create substances that could cause injury to employees and people within the workplace.Sometimes substances are easily recognised as harmful such as paint, bleach or dust from natural materials whitethorn also be harmful. The company itself would be responsible for carrying out the procedure above and any equipment necessary to ensure the employees and people within the workplace are not effected by hazardous substances. The necessary equipment packed to ensure this will also need to be maintained by the company itself. F ire Precaution Act 1971 This legislation deals with factors including * The detection make for and giving a warning in case of a raise. The process of escape from the danger. * The way to support and combat a fire.The training of staff with regards to fire safety. This legislation focusses on safety within the workplace with regards to the chance of a fire. This is designed to ensure that employees are able to prevent a fire occurring as much as possible. However, in the case of a fire employees would be able to deal with it effectively so as the safety of people involved are ensured. The first point looks at the greatness of being able to identify that there is in fact a fire within the premises. This can be done through having adequate and effective fire and smoke alarms located thoroughly end-to-end the workplace.If a fire is identified then people within the workplace will need to know the process of escaping to safety. This can be done by having fire exists in the workplac e, with employees of the company taking control of the situation and ensuring people within the premises are re-assured and are guided tempo by step to safety. In some cases there will need to be staff trained that are trained in being able to combat a fire whilst emergency services on on route to the premises. This can be done with effective training in fire extinguishers and necessary equipment used to combat a fire.As it is the resource managers responsibility to deal with the safety of employees and customers, then it will because have an effect on them. For example, they will have to send staff on training courses regarding fire safety which will be at a cost. However, this training is a necessity and will be needed by the company. As well as this, there will be changes in equipment such as more modern and effective fire extinguishers. Therefore, further training with regards to this be needed to be carried out by the resource manager to ensure that certain employees can use these pieces equipment effectively in the event of a fire.Employees may have to go on training courses mean that they will not be able to work whilst this training is being carried out. This training could be off the job and could be at a different premises to their workplace and therefore these employees need to be willing to consecrate to this so as the training on new equipment can be complete. This equipment would be the responsibility of the company who is providing the training to another company to make sure it is in the appropriate condition so that the safety of trainees is ensured.The Control of Noise at Work Regulation 1989 This legislation came into force for all industry sectors in Great Britain on 6th April 2006. The aim of this legislation is to ensure that employees hearing is protected from excessive commotion in the workplace, which has the possibility of damaging their hearing or can be a cause of tinnitus. The level at which employers must provide hearing guar d is 85 dubniums, on the means that it is a chance(a) or weekly average exposure. Employers must access the situation regarding this legislation and where it is necessary, ensure thatHearing protection is provided and used. They provide information, training and health surveillance where it is needed. Certain factors can be used to judge whether there is a problem with noise in a workplace. These factors are shown below Whether employees have to raise their persona to carry out a normal conversation from about two metres apart. Whether employees use noisy supply tools or machinery for more than half an hour a day. If there are noises due to impacts, such as hammering.The purpose of this act is to ensure of the health and safety of people within a business in regards to the noise in the workplace. The resource manager will have to purchase the necessary equipment to measure to decibel level in the premises so that the right precautions can be carried out if they do in fact reach a certain level. For example, if the noise in the workplace does exceed 85 decibels then it means that the resource manager will have to purchase the necessary equipment to ensure that the hearing safety of people with the premises are ensured.Equipment that would usually be used are ear plugs, which primarily get along out exterior noise pollution, and allow the person to hear people from a close range. induction In summary, a resource manager will have to take into account certain legislations and factors so that the health and safety of people involved within a company, such as employees and customers are ensured. This may mean that they will have to purchase equipment and use training to have be able to do so.

Group Psychology Essay Example for Free

Group Psychology screenIrwin Mansdorf in his article The Psychology Framework of Suicide Terrorism brings tabu an separate aspect of conclave psychology in an attempt to explain what has motivated various groups and their members to be involved in self-annihilation barrage fire e disagrees with those portraying The Palestinians self-annihilation bombers as desperate rot who ar driven by their suicidal motives. He feels that individual psychopathology does not play any important role in this case. (Mansdart, I 2003)Group dynamics be responsible in reinforcing behavior within these great deals culture where those who obligate out suicide outpouring ar seen as heroes where their faces ar displayed in the able for every i to see and their immediate families are hand approximatelyly rewarded for their sons bravely and commitment to serve the community. The families are rewarded with great respect and financial considerations. (Bloom, M 2004) Suicide in the clinical sen se may be directly re youthfuld to personal psychological state at the time of committing the acts.In the case of suicide of suicide bombing, Irwin has observed that at that place is no close relationship with personal clinical psychopathology. He believes hat these quite a little are drawn by the political and peoplealistic aspects advocated by their groups. (Mansdart, I 2003) Kamikaze pilots used this evasive action to attack American in the pacific during the Second World War. Several researches carried out exact not pointed that the pilots were suicidal rather they are seen as people who were driven by a strong need to fight for their country. They never at any time display any signs of abnormal behavior which could exhaust led to suicide.The letters Kamikaze pilots wrote to their families show that they were calm and in a peaceful state before they carried out the misson. Their expectations beyond death served as the motivational factor for them to fight the enemy knowin g that they have served the nation and they provide be heavily be rewarded in the life after. (Mansdart, I 2003) A closer touch at the Tamil tigers brings out the same picture the group has been responsible for the most suicide bombing carried out by any organization in the world. Those who carry out these activities are fighters who have are well trained and fully dedicated to their eccentric.In all the cases the group chooses volunteers based on their recruit as fighters. Those who are involved in the suicide bombing are not described as victims of any psychological condition which can drive them to volunteer to participate in this activity save rather they are drawn by great dedication to serve their group and to a queen-sized extent liberate their people from the yokes of occupation. (Bloom, M 2004) In most cases of suicide bombing according to Irwin notification the purpose of mission is rarely due to desperation or hopelessness. The suicide bombers were focused drawing inhalation from nationalism and large the group identity.Irwin explains that group pressure and identity inspires a suicide bomber into action. They are manipulated ,brainwashed and make to believe that after carrying out the mission they will be honored as martyrs, their families will be recognizes and reward greatly. The recruits are never allowed to leave denying the m an opportunity to back down from the mission. (Mansdart, I 2003) Recruitment The number of organizations carrying out attacks has increased in the juvenile past. These organizations are found in around all the corners of the world.This increase also direction the number of recruits needed to carry out the suicide attacks is on the rise. According to the latest statistics more than forty countries in the world have experienced suicide bombing attacks since 1980s. It is estimated that there are sixty cognise groups which employ suicide bombing as a combat technique. (Reuter, C 2004) Despite an increase in the nu mber of organization employing this tactic, there have been no shortages of people of people who are willing to put their lives on the line for the sake of the organization or cause they believe in.There has been an upward surge in the number of suicide bombings in the recent past, this means that the number of people who are willing to die for what they believe in has also increased. (Kramer, M 1991) Recruits in suicide bombing are drawn from a variety of backgrounds. There has been a perception that people who are involved are usually psychopaths, insane or poor but this is not the case. to the highest degree of those who have been recruited are usually well educated, relatively rich.These are people who ready to sacrifice their lives for a cause and are more than willing to go to any length to kill themselves. In the recent past trends have been changing where even children have been involved in suicide bombings. As the midriff due east conflict escalate militants groups in Pa lestine are actively involved in enlisting of young people. One of the groups Al aqsa-intifada has been actively involved in the recruitment of children as suicide bombers. otherwise groups which have been employing the same mode are the Popular Front for Liberation of Palestine, Fatah, Hamas and Islamic Jihad.Hamas are known to run kindergartens, where children are taught all the tactics and the need to sacrifice their souls for the sake of their people. These children in the kindergarten are made to believe that they are the holy martyrs in making. (Shay, S 2003) There are several factors that qualify one as a recruit for suicide bombing recruit. A number of organizations in the center field East motor into consideration ones religion. It has been noted that almost all the recruits who have participated in the Palestinians suicide bombings are staunch Muslims.Once a new recruit is taken in especially children they are taken in for an intensive training which involves reciting of the Koran. Therefore knowledge of Koran becomes very crucial in taking in the recruits. Criminal record also plays a significant role in the selection of those who are to take part in any given task as far as these groups are concerned. Those who have a clean criminal record are first considered for the task, this is because they attract little attention from the regimen therefore carrying out their mission successfully.(Reuter, C 2004) This is a policy that has been employed by the Hamas and the Hezbollah groups of the Middle East. (Noval, M 1999) Most of the organization rely on volunteers to carryout their missions, when the current Iranian president Mohmoud Ahamedinejad came into power he appealed to the youth from the Muslim countries to come forward and help in fighting Israel and United States. Most other terror groups appeal to their members to volunteer and get trained as suicide bombers .In the Palestine there are many youth who are willing to volunteer, these people m ay be driven by the promises made or purely to fulfill their religious obligation as spelt out in the recruiting organizations. Most of the suicide bombers are selected at an early age, educated and then set off to carry out their duty when they are just about in their twenties or in their late teenage years. Those who a re recruited are normally encouraged to cut themselves from the outside world as they are subjected to the intense training and recitations of the holy book to prepare them for the task ahead.Governments also sponsor some of the groups involved in the suicide bombings where those who participate are given monetary rewards. Iranian president is on the record urging his countrymen to come out and be trained for a fight with the western powers. Those who volunteered were promised pay for the families and great honor once they have successively carried out the mission given. There have been sizable involvement of the Iranian government in the training of the terror ou tfits a training center was loose when Ahamednijad came into power.This center which came to be known as the Lovers of Martyrdom Garrison has been involved in recruiting and training of suicide bombers who according to the Iranian president are to help in fighting the western powers who have busy the Muslim territory. The volunteers suicide bombers have been equated to nuclear bombs owned by the United States and Israel and they are meant to cause at large(p) destruction against the enemy. Conclusion Suicide bombers are just as ordinary people, but there are forces within them which make them carry out their missions.These forces range from desparation, nationalistic ideals or religion. Debate on what makes a suicide bomber tick will continue for a long time as antithetical people will see different motives for a given group of attackers. As far as those factors which breed terror remain with us suicide bombing will continue to be with us for a long time, attracting much attenti on from different scholars whose aim is to understand the factors behind these daring acts.ReferencesRadu, M (2004) Radical Islam and Suicide Bomber, Retrieved from http//www.fpri.org/

Orthodox Jewish family Essay Example for Free

Judaic-Orthodox Judaic family Es ordinate(1) Re fraction the Sabbath mean solar mean solar mean solar sidereal twenty-four hour period, to deliver it Bless(prenominal)ed. Exodus 208Describe in detail the counselling in which a to the full observant Orthodox Judaic family would bear this mitsvah. You should explain the symbolism of the mingled ceremonies and rituals where relevantShabbat is the entirely Jewish holiday enjoined by the Ten Command captureforcets, devising it an especi tot whollyyy classic one to the full-p advance family. It is remarkd on the s flushth day in commemoration of the s howeverth day on which beau ideal ataraxised afterwards completing the Creation, and of divinitys role in hi degree and his promise with the Jewish people. Along with all Orthodox Jews, the family be strictly obligated to sanctify Shabbat at plateful and in the synagogue. They provideing all avoid stool on this day and exit engold age in worship and le ase. The Talmud specifies the activities which they atomic number 18 to exploit to an end from and, being Orthodox, the family would severalise that boththing resembling these is tap and is thusly forbid on Shabbat. They stop their creative mildew in aim to smooth on the powers deity has given, do sure as shooting they authorise the right use of them.A member of the family, comm precisely the contract or gravel, leave use a Jewish calendar, diary or newspaper to visit step up the precise age Shabbat begins on that Friday howevering. This is be drift it varies from hebdomad to hebdomad and it is thitherfore uncertain to which day the close mingled with sundown and nightfall begins. Knowing the correct beat is substantial to the hale family to ensure they ar law-abiding the rules for Shabbat for the occupy length of age God expects from them and because the time division follows the biblical story of founding And on that point was evening and there was morning, one day (Genesis 15). Shabbat lasts from sun invest on Friday evening to sundown on Saturday.Before Shabbat severally member of the family will elevator carry come to the fore the necessary preparations so that they fashion need or ask to undertake any of the forbidden activities. For type, the m contrary will stick brisk all the repasts needed because God said it was distinguished to deem three meals during Shabbat, solely that they should still abstain from growing or preparing the food. new(a) engine room has do this easier because the Jews atomic number 18 adequate to(p) to gift their meals in slow down cookers and although the p bents atomic number 18nt able to create a fire or turn on the heating, they atomic number 18 able to luck a timer for the heating. The set ab break on the electric refrigerator is a worry taped up so that the fridge shag be opened with turn up breaking the Shabbat rule, non to create fire or light. It is usuall y the m opposite that thoroughly cleans the house and gets all the necessary shopping in the leadhand because cleaning is seen as litigate and is therefore forbidden.The use of a car is similarly forbidden, so the p arnts will be uneffective to drive to shops. store food is withal seen as work because the Israelites had to cumulate manna in the wilderness. The whole family moldiness(prenominal) acquire specifyd their clothes for the day, because the mother is unable to iron or sew. Children must need completed any dental platework or jobs that carry to be done, to begin with the Friday evening, because the completion of work and writing is similarly forbidden. The children must also be able to abjure school early (e additionally during winter) in order to ensure they discombobulate enough time to arrive alkali forrader Shabbat begins. If either of the p atomic number 18nts carry jobs, they must institute sure that e actuallything distinguished is completed an d that they wont need to speak to colleagues because they ar unable to use the phone or machines much(prenominal) as computers and fax machines.The Shabbat circuit board must be laid by the family beforehand because the meal that they get arounding on the Friday evening is genuinely come onstanding, even members of the family that shoot left home try to number for this meal because it unites them. Each member of the family has a bath before sunset and exserts their best clothes, for the meal. All members of the family will try to wear some white to epitomise excellence and hope. It is in-chief(postnominal) to the whole family to abstain from these activities, and umteen an(prenominal) to a peachyer extent, during Shabbat. This is because the Talmud lists them as forbidden and says that God made the seventh day set a secernate by resting after making the military personnel, therefore the fortune to rest is the suit of being free and Shabbat offers this opportun ity.The Shabbat preparations involve distributivelyone in the family, from the youngest upwards because, although there are synagogue go to get a line, the main focus of Shabbat revolves around the home and is a day for the family to share in concert.In preparation for the approaching day of pietism, the woman of the house must light white roll in the haydles before the sunset. This non only congenials Shabbat, but it also symbolises peaceableness coming into the house, joy, gracility and serenity, because God created light. For the family, the home is primeval to the celebration of Shabbat and this is an burning(prenominal) duty for the woman. She will and so paraphrase the berachah of God, all in hope of madcap a smelling any sorrow and unhappiness. The father then takes an all important(predicate) role in welcoming the Shabbat. He says a peculiar(a) lenience all eachwhere bread and wine and the emphasis of the family is purposelesscted by blessing the chil dren and reciting proerbs in maintain of his wife. A fathers blessing is very important for the Jews because Abraham began the made-to-order with their ancestors.The males in the family will interpret an evening service in the synagogue. The service is attended to welcome Shabbat as a bride. The husband is the Jewish people. The women do not attend this service because it is felt that their place is at home at this time. They are also very busy with preparations and the rituals they tripake in to welcome Shabbat. The men greet separately other by saying Shabbat shalom, which wishes them a wide-cut and peaceful Shabbat. They also say hymns and psalms and recite blessings, handle Kiddush, over wine.The Shabbat celebratory meal is eaten on the Friday evening. Each Friday morning, usually, the mother will bake fresh Challot ( fragrancy plait loaves) because as it bakes it produces an amazing aroma that fills the house and inspires the family that Shabbat is on its way. all(pre nominal)body washes their hands as a symbol of purity to give Shabbat the best welcome possible. Before the meal, after the father has blessed the family, he recites the supplicateer of sanctitude so that for all(prenominal) one member of the family is involved, by saying Amen at the end of all(prenominal) blessing. Kiddush begins the meal because it sets a fussy atmosphere and gives a spirit of occasion. Kiddush is said because it is an important way of sanctify the meal. One of the adults in the family will recite dissipate of the Genesis this has the richness of apprizeing the children because it speaks of God resting after creating the human being. This serve the family understand the splendor of Shabbat and sticking to its rules.Through come forth the meal, many items are reach and many actions take place that are an important part of the feast. A white tablecloth is laid out on the family dining table before the meal, symbolise the purity. The woman of the hou se, or whoever has prepared the meal, must ensure it is eaten with the best put downlery and dishware because it is important that the family welcome the Shabbat with the ut intimately-nigh signifi shagce and treat it similar a queen or bride. Two give the gatedles are employ to give extra brightness than usual and to symbolise the extra or double soul that each member of the family has on Shabbat. This number of candles also has many other meanings that different members of the family will believe in. The adults present very much believe that it symbolises the number of parents in an ideal family and the different commandments that arrive at to be notice on Shabbat. The family may also believe it is an important symbol of past (creation) and future (exodus).Two loaves are set on the table, and blessings are said over them. The double portion is an important monitoring device of when the Israelites were in the wilderness after the Exodus and a double portion of Manna was left for them so that they wouldnt have to collect any on Shabbat. The loaves are covered by a cloth called a Hallah, symbolising the dew over the manna. This is important because it deems the meal even much than(prenominal) special and precious to the family. The hallah dressed the bread want a bride and protects its sensitivities. The dickens loaves, that the family eat, must be plaited to represent God, Israel and the Torah which are important when bound unitedly in the bread because they are mutually dependant, launching the family that the three cant exist without each other. After the blessings, a small-arm of bread is dipped in sodium chloride and given to each member of the family. The parents or children will very much have invited guests to this special meal and they are also given a piece of the salted bread because hospitality is everlastingly greatly important to the Jewish trust and its fetes.The knife that is used to cut the bread for each member of the family is covered during the meal because the knife is a weapon of war and violence. The parents privation to protect the children from this and emphasise that Shabbat is a time of peace and harmony. During the meal, a plaited candle is always present to symbolise Gods omnipresence and the potential in all(prenominal) humankind being. After the meal a special floor is said by a member of the family and Bible stories are told to the children to spread joy and happiness whilst they mulct. The whole meal and the preparation involved is extremely important to the whole family because it submits them together on one of the most important long time of the week and reminds them of their dependence on God for all that is good in aliveness. sometimes the family may sing songs at the table, which emphasise the joy and togetherness that Shabbat brings.On Shabbat morning the whole family will attend a synagogue service, which is one of the most important and primaeval parts of the fe stival. It is the chief bond conjugation the family with each other and other Jews. The parents ensure that the service is attended because it keeps the family as part of a worshipping participation. It is often three hours long for everyone to fully appreciate the importance of the holiday. The males and females will sit separately during the service. The parents arent allowed to use the car during Shabbat, so the family are likely to walk to the synagogue together. The Rabbi leads the family and others in requester, during the service. The men of the family refrain from wearing their tefillin whilst praying because Rabbis say that Shabbat is a sign of Gods relationship with the Jews and no other sign is required. Every Shabbat one, or peradventure two, accounts are taken out of the Ark and as it is opened each family member will join the assembly in singing the premiere line of the Shema.The scroll is then carried round the synagogue with great rejoicing. The men will kis s their tallit as they touch the pathing Torah, before it is taken up to the bimah. Having the Torah read to the Orthodox family, from the bimah, is very important because it reminds them of the altar in the Temple. The father may be involved in carrying the scroll and other members of the family may be called up to read or recite a blessing. If a boy in the family has had his 13th birthday during the previous week he celebrates his Bar mitzvah during this service. This is a Jewish custom and makes the birthday extremely special for the young boy and his family. This is all a very important part of the service, especially for the family, because it involves them in the joy and gives them a brain of identity.The readings, by members of the congregation, are said before or after a portion of the Torah is read. This is then followed by the strengthening of the Haftara. Psalms are also read to the whole congregation, by the Rabbi, during his sermon. These readings are all very impor tant to the family because Jews construe upon the Torah and Shabbat as Gods two greatest acquaints to them. Kiddush is said again at the end of the service as an important blessing. As the family leave the synagogue they wish each other and, members of the congregation, Shabbat Shalom. This wishes them the peace of Shabbat. Often guests will be invited back to the familys home for the afternoon because hospitality is a great feature of Shabbat and the religion. Attending the service each week overhauls them to show their dedication to God and ensures the day is lived as a celebration and not an annoyance.The synagogue service is usually held in the morning, leaving the family with the afternoon free to enjoy the Shabbat holiday. A lunch is often eaten similar to the meal eaten the night before. Kiddush is again said over Challot to sanctify the remaining hours of the holiday and keep them just as special as the rest. The festival forbids many things, but there are still plenty o f activities each member of the family can partake in. They may set time aside in order to study the Torah, this will remind them somewhat what matters most to Jews the family and the Torah. They will spend time, during Shabbat, thinking approximately what God intends human life to be because Jews realise that it is important to God that there is human co-operation. All Jews want to help make the world a better place, and the family may spend this time thinking of ways in which they can achieve this.This can also be done in the synagogue during an afternoon service, if the family want to attend. If not, they may choose to go for a walk to spend to a greater extent time together because family is seen as very important. If the adults are emotion oddly social, they may hold a gathering at their home to express outwardly the happiness inherent in the Shabbat holiday. Hospitality has also been very important to Jews because it is a custom that occurs in many festivals and goes bac k to the times of Abraham, so friends and family are invited. The group venturetain them selves with drama, community discussions, lectures and singing. The children can play games and music. Usually the mother or father will provide refreshments that can be offered round by themselves or the children, in order to complement the congenial atmosphere and perpetuate the Talmuds testimony to eat three full meals that day.As the day draws to an end, a special ceremonial is held in the familys home to mark the end of Shabbat. It is said at any time after nightfall in order to give the day a departing ceremonial. This is to show how special and important it is to them. They may choose to attend this ceremony at their local synagogue, to give a horse sense of socialism and community, instead of at home. Wine and candles are used to welcome the Shabbat and the very(prenominal)(p) symbols are used for its departure. A chosen member of the family will say a special blessing called the H avdalah, which meat division. It is said to emphasise the idea of separation (between light and dark, heavenly and the profane, Israel and other nations and Shabbat from weekdays). It praises God for all these separations.The family then chant two other blessings, the first over sweet smelling spices and the certify over a lighted candle. The spice box is passed around each member of the family, in the hope that the deeds of the coterminous week will be sweetened. The spices are also important for the family to be able to remember Shabbat throughout the week, by the sweet scent of the spices. The lit candle is a very important symbol for the departure of Shabbat because fire can now be kindled, after having been forbidden for the past day.Each member of the family then spreads their hands towards the light to express the feeling that light is Gods gift and is too be used to good purpose. It also reminds them that the first thing God created was light. With the end of Shabbat, the first day of creation begins. The family have used all five senses of smell, sight, taste, hearing and touch throughout this ceremony and this heightens the spirituality of the festival. The mother or father will end the ceremony by set out the candle with the wine as the rest of the family sing songs that ask for help and for the arrival of the messianic age.(2) sing over the ways in which the lives of this family will be affected by their observance of this mitzvah, and the rationalitys why they are impetuous well-nigh retentivity the conventional Sabbath practices alive in modern times.The familys lives will be affected in many ways by their observance of Shabbat. It is the most difficult mitzvah of the year and will put each member of the family under pressure. There are slews of ways in which the festival can be very difficult and many Orthodox Jews would feel that although it is a day meant for rest it actually makes life more stressful, by having to fit it in arou nd the busy, hectic lifestyles of todays society.The word Sabbath nub rest, but in the home of an Orthodox family a great deal of work has to be done before the day. Friday becomes busier than any other day of the week and this puts the family under more stress to get everything completed on time. The whole house must be cleaned, food cooked and all jobs finished before sunset. Someone in the family also has to take even more time out in order to find the exact time in which Shabbat begins that week. This has to be done before Friday evening and can be difficult because the time is only displayed on some Jewish calendars and newspapers. This causes extra stress before the day has even begun.Orthodox women are not obliged to pray during Shabbat, wear the Tefillin or read the Torah at the services so it seems that the festival is easier for them and has less effect on their lives, but this is not so because there is lashings that they are obliged to do. They must always keep to the conventional guidelines to set a good theoretical account to the children. It is usually the women who have to take time off work and important jobs in order to prepare for Shabbat. They must cook the meal, clean the house, light the candles and carry out customal rituals like the removing of a piece of dough whilst the bread is baking. Women work more these days and preparation for Shabbat can be virtually unsufferable or can make their lives very hectic, making it difficult for them to obtain certain jobs and complete work on time.The men in the family are obliged to attend the Synagogue on Friday evening to pray, whereas the women arent. This could have the effect of dividing the family on an occasion which is meant to be joyous and bonding occasion. This may be difficult for the junior men in the family because they will see their sisters and mothers being able to stay at home on the Friday evening. As with the adult women, the men will also have to take time off work to obs erve the Sabbath in the traditional way and this can cause stress over the early or late completion, or worry over what is happening whilst they abstain from work, because they are unable to communicate via technology like the telephone and computer. Traditional observance of Shabbat will affect the choice of job the adults make because they have to ensure that they will be able to take at least a whole day off, each week. Using the car is forbidden and even using public transport, which promoter that the parents cant become any distances and therefore cant make any important trips. This can have bad affects at bottom businesses because it prevents problems from being solved as quickly as possible.Taking this time of work can cause a reduced wage, which can have a disastrous effect on the whole family. liveness can be even more expensive if you have a family and so they would need as much money as possible. This could make it difficult to find enough money to buy essentials and pay off the bills. To make things worse Shabbat can be an expensive holiday to have each week because to for an Orthodox family to observe it, they would need the correct bread and candles, good crockery and posh clothes. The family would also lose even more money by having to abstain from creativity, which means leaving the heating and lights on for the whole day, if they dont have timers. Not only do the candles cost money but they are a hazard to have in a family home. The constant lighting and close contact could cause a fire, effectively razing homes and lives.They are also dangerous to have around children, especially the very young or babies. If haply left unattended the candles could cause the death of a child. The many forbidden activities on a traditional Shabbat could make the parents feel as though they are wasting a day because they are unable to get on with important jobs around the house. Even the children may feel they are wasting grooming time. Not being able to work would have a very bad effect on teenagers because they would be unable to revise for important exams and would lose a day each week for coursework. University and one-sixth form students are unable to write essays and coursework over this time. This could ultimately affect their school and exam results, which affects their lives and futures. Children often have to leave school early, especially during winter, because it is a tradition to be home before sunset so that you can welcome in the Shabbat with the family.This can cause them to miss important information and work each week. It also puts them under stress to catch up on missed work, at the same time as new work. Teenagers and sixth form students are unable to get Saturday jobs, so they have less money than their friends and less to pay school fees. This can make life even more of a struggle during their education. This Orthodox family may have to abstain from doing things which they enjoy, during this free time, because they have been defined as work. This can be very frustrating because different people consider different things as work. sometimes people choose to do things which are stern work to others, because they enjoy them. This makes it hard to abstain from doing these, whilst they have all this free time.The laws of Shabbat mean that food and milk cant be heated for babies. This can make it difficult for parents to feed them and if they dont get the correct food and nutrients it can cause health problems in the future.In todays society, a traditional Shabbat can have a oddly restrictive affect on children and can cause boredom, which leads to resentment against the festival and even the religion. If there are no afternoon activities planned and no television or computers allowed the day can become very boring. Modern society relies on things like television and computer games as a form of entertainment it is very difficult for children to give this up each week. They are unable to partic ipate in many weekend activities like other children their age and this can have a depressing affect on children, causing them to feel left out and isolated. It can also lead to bullying or loss of friends, which can have a waste affect on children. Teenagers cant go shopping or even use mobile phones, causing them to feel isolated or cut off from society and their friends.Taking part in traditional rituals and practices on Shabbat can make the children, and even the parents, feel like an exhibit, different and as though they are not normal. Shabbat often doesnt fit in with local cultures and modern society work practices. This is made even worse by the fact that the Christian Sabbath, which is the majority, celebrate Sabbath on the Sunday. They can see everyone else going out and confidential information what society sees as a normal life. This can encourage bullying and a wishing of enthusiasm for the festival. There are just too many rules to follow and all the dos and donts m ake the Jews sound weird to other people, affecting their lives in the community and creating a problem for the family, in distinguishing what can and cant be done.Using the car is forbidden on Shabbat, making the day even more difficult for the family, especially if they have young children or elderly or disabled members of the family. This means that pass long distances can become an almost impossibility. In Orthodox, traditional observance the family are meant to walk no further than 1 and 3 quarters miles. This is still a long distance and will hold out certain members and make the trip feel like a chore. This also means that, to keep this rule, the family have to buy a house within this distance from a synagogue. This reduces their choice and can leave them feeling unhappy with the area they live in.However, for an Orthodox family, the Jewish rules become such a complete way of life that they cant and wont break the traditional observance, despite any restrictions and difficu lt effects it has. Tradition- doing things the way they have always been done- is very important in Judaism. It comes every week and is an important reminder of Gods creation. Shabbat itself symbolises the covenant God has with the Jewish people and this emphasises why they are so glowing about keeping traditional practices, they feel these practices give thanks God , praising him for the covenant and creation, and help them feel closer to him.Despite the pressures involved, Shabbat is so unique that it must be respected by behaving other than, to differentiate it from the rest of the week, there are also many official ways in which the day affects the lives of each member of the family and causes them to be enthusiastic about observing it in the traditional way. They festival has so many benefits for the family, heightening the enthusiasm. Orthodox Jews hold very firmly to the teachings of the Torah because they were revealed by God to Moses. The observance of Shabbat is the fou rth commandment. This rule came from God, so strict Jews, such as this family, have no objections against it and enjoy the challenge Shabbat creates, seeing it as a necessity to their unearthly faith.many Jews would say that all the festivals are grand occasions and Shabbat provides a discipline to life which brings family togetherness, right from childhood and this is seen as a wonderful thing. The adults in the family are particularly enthusiastic about keeping the tradition of a day of rest, because it allows them to set time aside to study the Torah and Talmud. This is important to them for guidance in life and to learn new things, whilst enabling them to pass their Jewish knowledge to the children. Shabbat affects the way in which the nigh propagation of Jews will develop because the parents are more able (through the festivities) to teach their children a sense of values and pass on what is believed to be right. The children will realise a sense of right and wrong, what i s of real value in life and how people should behave.Shabbat is also a time for relaxing with the family. Nowadays, many people live extremely stressful lives. People work too hard and Shabbat gives them time to remember whats really important in life. They are continually hurrying to get things done and families seldom have time to just be together. Shabbat is like calling time out, everything stops and an incredible peace descends on the family. A traditional Shabbat is important to them because they are able to spend time together in an unhurried, relaxed atmosphere. The family like to keep it traditional and abstain from work to feel relieved, happy and to aim for better spirituality, whilst feeling better strong-armly.The opportunity to rest is the mark of being free, and the family know a traditional Shabbat offers this. This increases their enthusiasm for the holiday because it is enjoyable and they are able to blither about what has happened to each of them during the week . This is a nice change from always watching the television, ensuring that the family dont become more and more distant from each other. They want to keep it traditional, as their Jewish ancestors would have celebrated it, because their heritage is extremely important to them and is wonderfully satisfying.It is keeping Jewish culture alive and unites the family with all Jewish communities in the world to give them security and a sense of identity. Children may find the day restrictive, but most parents will try not to make it so. After a hard working week the whole family look forward to Shabbat because its a pleasure to come together, relax, eat a meal together, be able to talk and have some time to read without interruption. Some Jewish families feel pressurised to have certain objects at Shabbat, like fine cutlery or a white tablecloth, but the traditions and nature of the festival teach the family that its not the objects, but the actions that are important. Its having the loave s of bread on the table, not what covers them that matters.Many Orthodox Jews are enthusiastic about the practices of Shabbat each week because it is a day out of the twentieth century for a change. A day of rest and relaxation. All the traditions like candles, songs, a special meal affects each unmarried. It provides a sense of wellbeing and fulfilment, as though everything they do is right. This means they enjoy life more and have something to look forward to each week. It is a festival primarily enjoyed in the home, which affects the lives of the family in a very positive way and is important because the home is a very special place in the Jewish faith. It is the central point of the religion and is of great spiritual and physical importance because it is where we learnt to talk, walk, feed and play. This reflects on how the family feel about Shabbat. Instead of feeling like they are being cooped up inside all day, they feel there is much to learn and share. They are able to hav e a celebratory meal together and even invite friends and relatives, to be hospitable and make it more enjoyable.During the meal, the family are able to have deep and enkindle discussions lasting long into the night. It is quality time, a time of connection, communication and inclusion. The women are especially enthusiastic to observe the tradition of candles and the lighting, because it is seen as a lovely sharing time which brings mums, daughters, grans, friends and guests close in the warmth and sweetie of the moment. It is important to them, to know that Jewish women all over the globe do the same thing, and that gives a wonderful feeling of unity. Baking home made Challot for Shabbat is very satisfying for the women in the family.They are still able to keep the tradition, even if they are unable to bake their own, because it is easy to buy some from tasty Jewish bakeries that are now around. The celebratory meal fills the house with many wonderful aromas of traditional Shabba t food, including from the lunch for the next day, this increase the enthusiasm of everyone involved and especially entices the children to keep the festival traditional, whilst reminding and teaching everyone present of their dependence on God for all that is good in life.As technology progresses, keeping the traditions of Shabbat has become easier for the whole family, which makes them more enthusiastic to observe it as it always has been. For example, the family may eat a dish called cholent for lunch. This will be left to keep warm on the stove, the low flame of which will be covered with a sheet of metal called a blech. This covers the flame and controls of the stove, as no cooking is allowed over the entire Shabbat. Modern appliances have made it much easier for Orthodox Jews to keep to the rules of Shabbat, which inevitably increases their enthusiasm for keeping the holiday traditional. For example, timers can be set for things like the heating and lights so that they dont ha ve to be left on for the whole of Shabbat. This saves the family money that would have cost previous Jews. Machines can be programmed to do things at certain times, like cookers and even computers, so essential work may not be missed.The synagogue plays a very important part in Jewish worship. This is part of the reason why the family are enthusiastic to keep the festival traditional, by attending special services to worship God. The Friday evening study services at the synagogue help the family to better understand the Torah and how to live your life, the service will not only help them to strictly observe Shabbat, but it also brings the congregation together and the family can be more social, making new friends or just spending time with ones they already know. The children can also attend young services and groups that help them meet with other Jews their own age. They can learn about fun things skirt Shabbat and it helps them realise that although Saturday is a special day out for their non-Jewish friends, it is just as special, in so many ways, to the Jews. As well as attending these services, the children can also conduct their own, which would be more enchant to their interests and much more suitable and interesting for the youths of the congregation. This also helps them to become practically involved with the religion as well as better-looking them key skills in preparation, speech well-favored and co-operation which are very important.The services during Shabbat are especially important to young boys, because the first Shabbat after their 13th birthday is when their Bar Mitzvah is held. They are especially enthusiastic to keep it traditional around this time because it is a celebratory custom that has been conducted since the time of Abraham. The Orthodox family would have found their home near to a synagogue, because walking there each Shabbat is a tradition they would want to keep. By not using the car for a whole day each week, the family are saving money that non- Jews wouldnt. This makes them more enthusiastic to keep the tradition of only walking, to travel, on Shabbat. The walk can have a very positive effect on the family, giving them time to spend together and a chance to walk rather than constantly depending on the car, because life is always a rush. It slows life down, giving each individual a chance to think.After the services there are lots of afternoon activities that take place to prevent boredom. These will often happen in the home. The children and parents can get much enjoyment and happiness out of this hospitality. They make new friends, feel part of the community and can play games or show off certain talents in drama and singing. These activities are fun and still keep to the rules of Shabbat. This makes it seem less restrictive and encourages the family to keep it traditional. The free afternoons are also a perfect time for the children to importantly widen their knowledge on the religion.Any festival has its ostracize effects on those that observe all its rules, but despite these the family are still enthusiastic about keeping the traditional Sabbath practices alive because they can all become involved and enjoy the festivities of their unique day. It is important for parents to bond with their children and to encourage them to do something different when they find it difficult to abstain from televisions and computers. Children may find it particularly difficult and separating from their friends, but it helps them to learn that if your friends are truly genuine and caring, they will respect your religious beliefs as part of who you are.Its a day so different from all the others, that gives each member of the family a sense of identity and by keeping the traditions they can all find their own place in the religion, shrewd they are spending the day as their older relatives always have done. They know that, by observing traditional practices, Jews around the world are doing the same things and this emphasises their sense of identity and helping them to feel part of a community. When they are in the homes of other family members or friends, during Shabbat, they know that each ritual will be the same and this provides a welcome structure for the whole family. So to be able to spend a holiday at a friends or relatives house and see the same candles, the same bread and the same wine focuses the mind, to create something beautiful out of very basic objects is very satisfying.(3) For religious people, every day should be dedicated.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion and show that you have thought about different points of view. You must refer to Judaism in your answer.I believe that in religion, every day should be enured as holy because, especially in Judaism, the whole life is enjoin towards thinking about and putting into practice their faith in God and observance of his guidelines. There are days of the year on which holier rituals are carried out and more time is spent reflecting on the religion, but every day of the week involves activities that are important to the religion and are considered holy. The faith of a Jew is incorporated into every day of their life, giving each one a special sanctity because of its dedication to God. The covenant that God created between himself and the Jews is the reason for this. By following the lifestyle advocated by GodAnd you shall do that which is proper and good in the eyeball of Hashem,The Jew is commanded to be holy and to create holiness in themselves. They can experience and contribute to the holiness through many actions. They feel that as a sign of gratitude and commitment every aspect of everyday should be unnameable and set apart. They also believe that actions which arent considered holy or being carried out for God should not be done.On an average day, Jews will be thinking about God, their religion and how they should act, which already makes the day more heavenly and ho ly to them, but they aill also partake in lots of rituals that set time apart for remembrance, thanks or even just thought. Even the home, in which every day is spent, is considered holy because of the mezuzah, a parchment scroll on which two passages are indite. These command the Jew to write Gods words on the doorpost, setting it apart from other houses. It is a constant reminder of God and his Torah. By having mezuzah in the house as well they can make every room quasi-religious for God. They touch it and then their lips when they enter or leave the room. It is then a permanent visual aid, reminding them of Gods commands in their home life. A typical Jewish day is the best example of the way Jews want every day to be holy.Prayer is not simply something that happens in the synagogue once a week but it is an total part of everyday life. They are constantly reminded of Gods presence and of their relationship with him because they continually pray to him. The first thought in the morning, even before they get out of bed, is a supplicant thanking God for returning their souls to them. The holiness and sanctity continues throughout the day because there are prayers to be recited before enjoying any material pleasure, such as eating and before performing any mitzvah, such as washing and lighting candles.They will also pray whenever something good or bad happens and before they got to bed. These are known as berakhot and have to be said at least 100 times each day to increase the holiness and acknowledge God as the ultimate source of all good and evil in the universe. These prayers are said in addition to the formal ones which are recited three times a day, every weekday. This is to utilize as much of the day as possible to thought about God and to increase the ken of the role he plays in their lives. If they only pray when they feel inspired then not every day would be set apart for God.The Talmud states that it is permissible to pray in any language, nut to pray in Hebrew adds a special importance and holiness to each day. Reciting in Hebrew is important because it is the pure essence of Jewish thought and is a responsibility they undertook as part of the covenant made with God. It is also considered a holy language because of its intrinsic characteristics. As well as praying in Hebrew, every time they pray they face Israel. This makes it extra sacred because the Land of Israel is more holy than all other lands.A Jewish day tout ensemble revolves around their religion and keeping it holy. This is partly due to the all-embracing way of life, filled with rules and practices that affect every aspect of life what they can and cannot eat, what they can and cannot wear, how to groom themselves, how to conduct their business and most importantly, how to treat God. These rules and practices are known as Halakhah and is the Jewish law. It gives spirituality to each day and gives all trivial acts a religious signification. They are constantl y reminded of their faith and so it becomes an integral part of their entire existence.The daily rituals, I am about to explain, are laws of the Halakhah, instituted in the Torah to keep every day, between holidays, holy. Kashrut is the body of Jewish law that deals with what they can and cannot eat and how it must be prepared and eaten.They call this keeping kosher and it is something the Jews will do every single day of their lives. This involves the maximum removal of blood from their nerve and not mixing meat with milk. This is because the Torah commands thou shalt not boil a kid in its mothers milk. Every day, great trouble is put into observing this law, making sure they are not cooked or eaten together. It is observed with exact care as a means to self discipline and purity. This shows their obedience to God and it elevates the truthful everyday act of eating into a religious ritual. Even the dinner table, used regularly each day, is holy because it is compared to the Templ e altar. A Jew that observes the laws of kashrut cannot eat a meal without being reminded of the fact that they are a Jewish.A Jew will ensure that time is set apart each day to study the Talmud and Torah. They learn more about the religion and achieve guidance in life, whilst proving their commitment to God and keeping his mitzvah. They are able to spend thinking only of this and none of the material things in life, which is very holy and sacred to them.At the heart of the Halakhah is the unchangeable 613 mitzvot that God gave to the Jewish people in the Torah. The Jews keep to all mitzvah (commandments) that apply to them. For example, every day Jews observe the mitzvah to recite grace after meals because the Torah has told them to and that it blesses the Lord. It is also performed out of respect for God and to make the day holier for him because he has ultimately provided them with the food they need to survive.As well as prayer each day, Jews will often visit the synagogue by th emselves or with the family, to bring extra holiness to each day. They dont just visit the synagogue for special services and festivals instead they often go to just pray and be closer to God. Prayer in the synagogue brings them closer to God and allows their mind to be completely focused on God rather than things that are happening in the home. There are many items worn during prayer in the synagogue that are of great significance to each day and the sacredness of prayer. There are three items worn by adult male Jews, each time they pray, as reminders of God and their obligations to him. The first is a prayer shawl, called a Tallit, a white, square or rectangular garment made of wool or silk.The most important feature of it is the fringe tzizit in each four corners. This is very important to remind them of the holy mitzvoth they have to keep each day. The second sacred object is the tephillin, which are two black boxes that contain four passages of the Torah to instruct the Jew. Th e material it is written on is very important because it comes from a kosher animal and is treated with great respect. This is worn every time the Jew prays. One box is bound to the forehead and the other to the arm opposite the heart. This is important because they remind him that he must worship God with his whole person, the heart and the head. Tephilin are very holy symbols of the covenant because they stress obedience to the Torah. The third item is the kippah. This is a skull-cap worn by the men during prayer. Some wear this all day as a way of expressing their respect for God.To incorporate their faith into everyday and make it holy Jews will fulfil the commandment in the Torah to help those in need, both in physical and financial. They will give at least ten percent of their income to charity. It is a sacred, instinctive response to express thanks to God, ask forgiveness or to request a favour from God. The spiritual benefit of giving to the poor each day is so great because it gives them an opportunity to perform Tzedakah, which is the highest of all commandments.Although I agree that for the Jews, each day is holy there are some days which are holier than others and have a special focus. These days are considered holidays, emphasising their holiness because the word originated from holy day. Morally, everything a Jew does each day is directed towards God, but certain days are more important because more focus is put on God. These days are mainly well known festivals and are holier because extra effort is made, there are more rules to observe and far more togetherness.Pesach (or Passover) is a very important festival because unlike all other holy days it celebrates the beginnings of the Jewish people, when God delivered them from slavery in Egypt. Before Passover their house must be cleared of all foods containing leavened grain products or yeast in response to a passage commanding so in the Torah. This is followed so completely that families will hav e special kitchen utensils, crockery and cutlery used only for this festival and stored away for the rest of the year This makes it extra sacred because it means the use of it reminds them only of Passover and of Gods control over history and nature.The most spiritual part of the festival is the opening move meal, called the Seder, in which unleavened bread is eaten to recreate the slavery conditions of their ancestors and to relive the exodus. It is very holy because of its strong connections with their ancestors and God, and because of its reminder of their dependence on him. Bitter herbs are eaten during Seder, to remind them of what is being commemorated. Parsley leaves represent freedom and the rancour stalk, slavery. This is rarely eaten throughout the year, giving it its own important spiritual meaning. These are dipped in salt water as a symbol of the slaves tears. Many other spiritual, unusual foods are eaten, including a hard boiled egg and a lamb bone as a reminder of t he sacrifices offered in the temple. The Talmud states that each person must also drink four glasses of wine. This shows dedication to Gods commandments.The days of Passover are sacred and set apart from the rest because they celebrate freedom and without the events commemorated by it, there would be no Jewish people. In every Kiddush, throughout the year, Jews speak in remembrance of the exodus, but it is Passover which celebrates the birth of a nation. It expresses the sense of belonging to a people, chosen by God and depending on him.The tradition and ritual of Sukkot creates an important festival to the Jews. The seven days in which it is observed are very holy and special because they focus on what God has given and celebrate his protection of the Israelites in the wilderness. This is different and holier than the rituals carried out on normal days because the Jews fulfil the mitzvah to dwell in booths. These booths remind them of their dependence on God and contain a hole in t he roof, so that they feel closer to him. Having to stay in these booths is very special because it means families are able to spend more time, than usual, together. The four species is a very symbolic part of Sukkot and makes it extra holy. It contains an etrog and different leaves as a reminder of the harvest and the variety of people making up the Jewish community. It is waved in all directions, each day of the festival. This is a very spiritual act that symbolises Gods omnipresence.The days leading up to the festival of Rosh Hashanah are far holier than most of the year because they are spent repenting and Jews must enter into a mood of self reflection. The days are made holier and happier by an increase in good deeds. To fulfil the obligations of honouring and enjoying the festival, Jews will prepare, bathe, wear new clothes and clean the house. Rosh Hashanah lasts for two days, in which certain work is forbidden. These days are of great holiness and importance because they are traditionally when God opens the Book of life. During these days Jews beseech mercy in recognition of their sins, reflecting the importance of God. It is also the anniversary of the creation of the world, making it particularly holier and more significant than other festivals. Sacred blessings are recited over the candles, lit before sunset on the first night. Evening prayers and services are conducted with special melodies that enhance the special atmosphere.Each day of the festival is sanctified over wine by saying Kiddush, which sets it apart from other days. Special foods are eaten on Rosh Hashanah that arent eaten for the rest of the year, this gives the meals a special importance. Jews are more careful about keeping kosher on these days to make it holier and perfect in the eyes of God. Each food is very symbolic to the Jews, for example apples dipped in honey represent joy and blessing. Fruit is eaten, that has not been eaten for a year, to represent renewal. On Rosh Hashana h everyone should hear the Shofar to fulfil the commandment in the Torah. Its powerful blasts are a very important part of making the festival holier than others because it is only blown 100 times on these days out of the whole year. It not only warns people of the coming day of judgement, but importantly calls people together before God, so that communities and families spend more time together.Yom Kippur is without a doubt the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It is a sacred experience for the Jews. The principle theme is atonement and is extremely holy because all actions are directed towards making God happy. On this day, Jews ignore physical needs, such as eating, to help them to lose weight on special needs, notably forgiveness. This Day of Atonement is extra holy because it combines the elements of remorse and confession with those of prayer and spiritual purification. Fasting enhances this because it is done in fulfilment of the biblical command you shall afflict your sou ls.In honour of the holiday, it is customary to wear best clothes and to prepare the house as they would for Shabbat. Most clothes and special materials are white, on this day, for holiness and to symbolise purity. Many Jews will carry out a special ritual on the eve of Yom Kippur, particular to this festival to set it apart from others. They immerse themselves in a ritual bath in order to enter into a pure, holy manner. Jews do not light candles in their home every day, only for special occasions, and because Yom Kippur is so holy they will light detail candles called Yahrzeit candles.To set it apart from regular days and other festivals, Jews attend more services on Yom Kippur. They chant Kol Nidrei to stress the importance of the day and to remember when Jews were forced to convert to Christianity, but vowed to God to remain Jewish. The story Of Jonah is read on this day as a sacred reminder that God is willing to forgive anyone that repents their sins. Yom Kippur is especially holy because of the constant communication with God and the many pleas of forgiveness, for sins. It is the holiest day of the year because, they believe, it is when God makes his final judgement on each individual and what will happen to them throughout the next year.In addition to these festivals, Shabbat is the holiest day of each week. It is a spiritual day because of its constant focus on God. It is immensely holy because it is the only festival in whose observance is a commandment. Sabbath is so important each week that God told the Jews to keep it holy, therefore it is referred to as the holy day. This emphasises how holier it is than regular days with the same rituals each day. Shabbat has lots more additional mitzvah and rituals, for every Jew to partake in. Shabbat itself is the holiest day of each week, even without the rituals, because it symbolises Gods creation of the world and his covenant with the Jewish people. The holiness is shown by the way in which the day is we lcomed so much differently from any other. Other than festivals, it is the only day of the week in which the Jews must ensure that the house is cleaned, the table laid, food prepared and the best clothes are worn by everybody.There are also so many more rewards for observing Shabbat because each individual has something to do and everyone wants to keep the day holy to show their obedience to God. A special meal is eaten on Shabbat, where the whole family and guests can spend more time together than usual meals. The rituals and symbols involved with this meal make the day much holier and give it great meaning. They also give the family something important to look forward to each week. Plaited loaves are eaten on Shabbat as an important representation of the dependence between God, Israel and the Torah. Two loaves are used to symbolise the double portion that God left for their ancestors so that they wouldnt have to break the mitzvah to not work, looking for food. Shabbat is the only day of the week where a Hallah cover is used to protect the bread and the best cutlery and crockery are used. Candles are an extremely important part of Shabbat, to set it apart from regular days.They are lit various times throughout the day, symbolising peace coming into the house, the creation of the world and the extra brightness that Shabbat brings over other days. The family can spend more time together and with God on Shabbat because they are not distracted by work and school, like the rest of the week. They are also able to spend more time within the Jewish community because there are special synagogue services that only occur on Shabbat. They meet as a community to pray and worship before God. It is only during the Shabbat service that a weekly portion of the Torah is read. This makes the services on Shabbat extra holy because of the great importance of the Torah to Judaism.It is how God wishes them to live their entire lives. Shabbat even has its own special address, diffe rent form other days. When greeting or bidding farewell, each Jew will say Shabbat Shalom to express their wishes that everyone has a peaceful and happy Shabbat. The afternoon is made extra sacred by the study of the Torah or spending more time in the synagogue. Shabbat gives them the time to do this and focus on God. As well as having a special welcome, Shabbat is set apart from normal days by its sacred departure. The Havdalah is performed and more prayers are recited. This shows how important and holy the day is because they are sad that the day has ended. The ritual involves blessings over wine and spices as well as a candle, and this only happens on Shabbat.For a Jew, each day is holy and important, but there are some days in their lives which are even more important to the individual and their family. These days are so important that they have a special name, each one is known as a rites of passage. The rituals carried out on these days are in addition to the normal mitzvah, m aking them even more holy than usual.The birth of a Jew, into a family, is an extremely sacred occasions. They believe a child is born completely pure and free from sin and the birth is so holy that extra prayers are said. They believe that every person is a gift from God, so the day must be sanctified by prayer in thanks to God. After a child is born, the father is given the holy honour of aliyah, which is an opportunity to bless the reading of the Torah in the synagogue. This is especially holy because it is the only day when a blessing is recited strictly for the health of the mother and the child.Brit Milah is a much holier day than most because it is one of the most universally observed commandments. It is the circumcision of a male, usually when eight days old. There is more to the ritual than merely the lick of removing the foreskin it is very holy because it is a commandment specific to the Jews. The circumcision is a physical sign of the eternal covenant between God and the Jews. It is also a sign that the Jewish people will be perpetuated through the circumcised man. The circumcision is performed on the eighth day of the boys life and is holier than most other rituals because it can only be carried out by an observant, educated Jew called a mohel. This man is religiously qualified and it is a very religious ritual, blessed by a rabbi, so that it is completely directed towards God.The Bar and Bat Mitzvah is the next very holy rite of passage in the life of a Jew. Bar Mitzvah means son of the commandment and occurs when the Jewish boy reaches the age of 13. Bat Mitzvah is the same for girls at age 12. It is very important because it enters them into the covenant relationship with God. When approaching Bar Mitzvah, the boys wear a very sacred prayer shawl and can begin wearing a pair of Tefillin. On this special occasion the relatives recite blessings for the child as they become adults in the religion. During the ceremony, for the first time the chi ld is able to read a portion of the Torah to the congregation, in Hebrew. This brings them closer to God and involves them more in their religion. After this, the father recites baruch shepatarani, in which they thank God for having brought the boy to maturity and declares the boy is now responsible for his own actions. This is very sacred to the father because it is the only time he will recite it for that child.Marriage is an extremely holy occasion in the life of an adult Jew. It is seen as vitally important in Judaism. Refraining from it is not considered holy. There are many rituals carried out on the day of the ceremony that set it apart in the life of a Jew and bring them much closer to God. The ceremony takes place under a chupah because it can be held up by 4 poles, held by friends or relatives of the couple. This is a very important way of bringing people together before God. The Rabbi reads a section from the psalm as a blessing.This is a sacred way of blessing the couple in the name of the Lord and expresses thanks to God. The bride then circles the groom to symbolise her basic rights for the rest of their marriage food, clothing and sex. A betrothal blessing is said to sanctify the marriage. The groom places the brides ring on her right index finger to symbolise her acceptance. The Ketubah is read and signed before God to sanctify and cohere the marriage, setting it apart from the betrothal. The ceremony is set apart from most other joyous occasions, by the blessings over wine. This is very sacred, as well as adding to the festivity. Kiddush is recited twice to sanctify the occasion. Fasting on the day of the marriage ceremony is a very important part of the holiness because the couple are able to make peace with God before entering the covenant of marriage.In Judaism, life is valued above almost all else to every day is considered holy, but death is not considered a tragedy or any less holy. Death is the last rite of passage, but is still consid ered very holy because they believe, like our lives, it is all part of Gods plan. Candles are a sacred symbol in Judaism and so they are lit next to the body. The griever recites a specific blessing, holier than usual blessings, to describe God as the true judge. The mourners have a special meal that is very symbolic and holy. It usually consists of eggs (as a symbol of life) and bread. Death is such a holy occasion for Jews that it has a mourners prayer called Kaddish. This is to reaffirm their faith in God, despite their loss.Holiness and faith is incorporated into every day of their lives, so I agree that every day is holy for them, but the specific festivals and rites of passage are considered much holier days. The sanctity and importance of each of these extra rituals, brings every individual Jew closer to God. The focus of these days is completely spiritual, with none of the usual distractions faced every day.